To perform this task, operations professionals may use a Muther grid, an activity relationship chart developed by Richard Muther, an industrial engineer who developed techniques for systematizing plant. See PRODUCTION, RELATIONSHIP CHART, ACTIVITY CHART, BLOCK MODEL. Forming a process layout usually involves strategic reductions in cost, distance and time to reach a certain level of operational efficiency. The need for cost reductions may promote a reappraisal of layouts, as may factory legislation, accidents, etc. Plant layout is the spatial arrangement and configuration of departments, work stations, machinery and equipment used in the conversion process. Obsolescence or failure of existing equipment may result in the decision to install equipment whose characteristics provoke some rearrangements. Alternatively, as in shipbuilding, the product remains stationary only until it is completed.Ĭhanges in the level of demand, or the need to produce a new product or a redesigned product, may result in a need to reorganize existing plant or to provide additional plant. In the extreme case, for example civil engineering, neither the partly completed nor the finished product moves. arrangement of machines, processing equipment. In the two above-mentioned layout systems the product moves past stationary production equipment, but in the case of layout by fixed position the reverse applies. Plant layout is the most effective physical arrangement, either existing or in plans of industrial facilities i.e. The two principal types of factory layout are PRODUCT-FOCUSED LAYOUTS where a product is routed through the factory on a single path, and PROCESS-FOCUSED LAYOUTS where products may follow a variety of routes through job shops in the factory. Factory layout the arrangement of machines and equipment within a factory which includes the layout of departments within the factory site, the layout of machines within the departments and the layout of individual work places.
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